Numbers Apple
While many types of businesses can receive a D-U-N-S Number, your business must be recognized as a legal entity (e.g., a corporation, limited partnership, limited liability company) to enter into the legal terms and obligations of Apple Developer Program agreements. DBAs, fictitious businesses, trade names, and branches are not accepted. Returns the number of days between two dates based on twelve 30‑day months and a 360‑day year. Returns a date that is some number of months before or after a given date. Check your Apple warranty status. Enter a serial number to review your eligibility for support and extended coverage. Numbers 10.2 - Apple's spreadsheet app from the iWork suite. Download the latest versions of the best Mac apps at safe and trusted MacUpdate.
DATE
Combines separate values for year, month, and day and returns a date/time value.
DATEDIF
Returns the number of days, months, or years between two dates.
DATEVALUE
Converts a date text string and returns a date/time value. This function is provided for compatibility with other spreadsheet programs.
DAY
Returns the day of the month for a given date/time value.
DAYNAME
Returns the name of the day of the week from a date/time value or a number. Day 1 is Sunday.
DAYS360
Returns the number of days between two dates based on twelve 30‑day months and a 360‑day year.
EDATE
Returns a date that is some number of months before or after a given date.
EOMONTH
Returns a date that is the last day of the month some number of months before or after a given date.
HOUR
Returns the hour for a given date/time value.
MINUTE
Returns the minutes for a given date/time value.
MONTH
Returns the month for a given date/time value.
MONTHNAME
Returns the name of the month from a number. Month 1 is January.
NETWORKDAYS
Returns the number of working days between two dates. Working days exclude weekends and any other specified dates.
NOW
Returns the current date/time value from the system clock.
SECOND
Returns the seconds for a given date/time value.
TIME
Converts separate values for hours, minutes, and seconds into a date/time value.
TIMEVALUE
Returns the time as a decimal fraction of a 24‑hour day from a given date/time value or from a text string.
TODAY
Returns the current system date. The time is set to 12:00 a.m.
WEEKDAY
Returns a number that is the day of the week for a given date.
WEEKNUM
Returns the number of the week within the year for a given date.
Numbers Apple Login
WORKDAY
Returns the date that is the given number of working days before or after a given date. Working days exclude weekends and any other dates specifically excluded.
YEAR
Returns the year for a given date/time value.
YEARFRAC
Finds the fraction of a year represented by the number of whole days between two dates.
DUR2DAYS
Converts a duration value to a number of days.
DUR2HOURS
Converts a duration value to a number of hours.
DUR2MILLISECONDS
Converts a duration value to a number of milliseconds.
DUR2MINUTES
Converts a duration value to a number of minutes.
DUR2SECONDS
Converts a duration value to a number of seconds.
DUR2WEEKS
Converts a duration value to a number of weeks.
DURATION
Combines separate values for weeks, days, hours, minutes, seconds, and milliseconds and returns a duration value.
STRIPDURATION
Evaluates a given value and returns either the number of days represented, if a duration value; or the given value. This function is included for compatibility with other spreadsheet applications.
BASETONUM
Converts a number of the specified base into a number in base 10.
BESSELJ
Returns the integer Bessel function Jn(x).
BESSELY
Returns the integer Bessel function Yn(x).
BIN2DEC
Converts a binary number to the corresponding decimal number.
BIN2HEX
Converts a binary number to the corresponding hexadecimal number.
BIN2OCT
Converts a binary number to the corresponding octal number.
CONVERT
Converts a number from one measurement system to its corresponding value in another measurement system.
DEC2BIN
Converts a decimal number to the corresponding binary number.
DEC2HEX
Converts a decimal number to the corresponding hexadecimal number.
DEC2OCT
Converts a decimal number to the corresponding octal number.
DELTA
Determines whether two values are exactly equal.
ERF
Returns the error function integrated between two values.
ERFC
Returns the complementary ERF function integrated between a given lower bound and infinity.
GESTEP
Determines if one value is greater than or exactly equal to another value.
HEX2BIN
Converts a hexadecimal number to the corresponding binary number.
HEX2DEC
Converts a hexadecimal number to the corresponding decimal number.
HEX2OCT
Converts a hexadecimal number to the corresponding octal number.
NUMTOBASE
Converts a number from base 10 into a number in the specified base.
OCT2BIN
Converts an octal number to the corresponding binary number.
OCT2DEC
Converts an octal number to the corresponding decimal number.
OCT2HEX
Converts an octal number to the corresponding hexadecimal number.
ACCRINT
Calculates the accrued interest added to the purchase price of a security and paid to the seller when the security pays periodic interest.
ACCRINTM
Calculates the total accrued interest added to the purchase price of a security and paid to the seller when the security pays interest only at maturity.
BONDDURATION
Calculates the weighted average of the present value of the cash flows for an assumed par value of $100.
BONDMDURATION
Calculates the modified weighted average of the present value of the cash flows for an assumed par value of $100.
COUPDAYBS
Returns the number of days between the beginning of the coupon period in which settlement occurs and the settlement date.
COUPDAYS
Returns the number of days in the coupon period in which settlement occurs.
COUPDAYSNC
Returns the number of days between the settlement date and the end of the coupon period in which settlement occurs.
COUPNUM
Returns the number of coupons remaining to be paid between the settlement date and the maturity date.
CUMIPMT
Returns the total interest included in loan or annuity payments over a chosen time interval based on fixed periodic payments and a fixed interest rate.
CUMPRINC
Returns the total principal included in loan or annuity payments over a chosen time interval based on fixed periodic payments and a fixed interest rate.
DB
Returns the amount of depreciation of an asset for a specified period using the fixed‑declining balance method.
DDB
Returns the amount of depreciation of an asset based on a specified depreciation rate.
DISC
Returns the annual discount rate of a security that pays no interest and is sold at a discount to its redemption value.
EFFECT
Returns the effective annual interest rate from the nominal annual interest rate based on the number of compounding periods per year.
FV
Returns the future value of an investment based on a series of regular periodic cash flows (payments of a constant amount and all cash flows at constant intervals) and a fixed interest rate.
INTRATE
Returns the effective annual interest rate for a security that pays interest only at maturity.
IPMT
Returns the interest portion of a specified loan or annuity payment based on fixed, periodic payments and a fixed interest rate.
IRR
Returns the internal rate of return for an investment that is based on a series of potentially irregular cash flows that occur at regular time intervals.
ISPMT
Returns the interest portion of a specified loan or annuity payment based on fixed, periodic payments and a fixed interest rate. This function is provided for compatibility with tables imported from other spreadsheet applications.
MIRR
Returns the modified internal rate of return for an investment that is based on a series of potentially irregular cash flows that occur at regular time intervals. The rate earned on positive cash flows and the rate paid to finance negative cash flows can differ.
NOMINAL
Returns the nominal annual interest rate from the effective annual interest rate based on the number of compounding periods per year.
NPER
Returns the number of payment periods for a loan or annuity based on a series of regular periodic cash flows (payments of a constant amount and all cash flows at constant intervals) and a fixed interest rate.
NPV
Returns the net present value of an investment based on a series of potentially irregular cash flows that occur at regular time intervals.
PMT
Returns the fixed periodic payment for a loan or annuity based on a series of regular periodic cash flows (payments of a constant amount and all cash flows at constant intervals) and a fixed interest rate.
PPMT
Returns the principal portion of a specified loan or annuity payment based on fixed periodic payments and a fixed interest rate.
PRICE
Returns the price of a security that pays periodic interest per $100 of redemption (par) value.
PRICEDISC
Returns the price of a security that is sold at a discount to redemption value and does not pay interest per $100 of redemption (par) value.
PRICEMAT
Returns the price of a security that pays interest only at maturity per $100 of redemption (par) value.
PV
Returns the present value of an investment or annuity based on a series of regular periodic cash flows (payments of a constant amount and all cash flows at constant intervals) and a fixed interest rate.
RATE
Returns the interest rate of an investment, loan, or annuity based on a series of regular periodic cash flows (payments of a constant amount and all cash flows at constant intervals) and a fixed interest rate.
RECEIVED
Returns the maturity value for a security that pays interest only at maturity.
SLN
Returns the amount of depreciation of an asset for a single period using the straight‑line method.
SYD
Returns the amount of depreciation of an asset for a specified period using the sum‑of‑the‑years‑digits method.
VDB
Returns the amount of depreciation of an asset over a chosen time interval, based on a specified depreciation rate.
YIELD
Returns the effective annual interest rate for a security that pays regular periodic interest.
YIELDDISC
Returns the effective annual interest rate for a security that is sold at a discount to redemption value and pays no interest.
YIELDMAT
Returns the effective annual interest rate for a security that pays interest only at maturity.
AND
Returns TRUE if all arguments are true; otherwise it returns FALSE.
FALSE
Returns the Boolean value FALSE. This function is included for compatibility with tables imported from other spreadsheet applications.
IF
Returns one of two values depending on whether a specified expression evaluates to a Boolean value of TRUE or FALSE.
IFERROR
Returns a value that you specify if a given value evaluates to an error; otherwise it returns the given value.
ISBLANK
Returns TRUE if the specified cell is empty; otherwise it returns FALSE.
ISERROR
Returns TRUE if a given expression evaluates to an error; otherwise it returns FALSE.
ISEVEN
Returns TRUE if the value is even (leaves no remainder when divided by 2); otherwise it returns FALSE.
ISODD
Returns TRUE if the value is odd (leaves a remainder when divided by 2); otherwise it returns FALSE.
NOT
Returns the opposite of the Boolean value of a specified expression.
OR
Returns TRUE if any argument is true; otherwise it returns FALSE.
TRUE
Returns the Boolean value TRUE. This function is included for compatibility with tables imported from other spreadsheet applications.
ABS
Returns the absolute value of a number or duration.
CEILING
Rounds a number away from zero to the nearest multiple of the specified factor.
COMBIN
Returns the number of different ways you can combine a number of items into groups of a specific size, ignoring the order within the groups.
EVEN
Rounds a number away from zero to the next even number.
EXP
Returns e (the base of natural logarithms) raised to the specified power.
FACT
Returns the factorial of a number.
FACTDOUBLE
Returns the double factorial of a number.
FLOOR
Rounds a number toward zero to the nearest multiple of the specified factor.
GCD
Returns the greatest common divisor of the specified numbers.
INT
Returns the nearest integer that is less than or equal to the number.
LCM
Returns the least common multiple of the specified numbers.
LN
Returns the natural logarithm of a number, the power to which e must be raised to result in the number.
LOG
Returns the logarithm of a number using a specified base.
LOG10
Returns the base‑10 logarithm of a number.
MOD
Returns the remainder from a division.
MROUND
Rounds a number to the nearest multiple of a specified factor.
MULTINOMIAL
Returns the closed form of the multinomial coefficient of the given numbers.
ODD
Rounds a number away from zero to the next odd number.
PI
Returns the approximate value of π (pi), the ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter.
POLYNOMIAL
Evaluates a polynomial at a given point.
POWER
Returns a number raised to a power.
PRODUCT
Returns the product of one or more numbers.
QUOTIENT
Returns the integer quotient of two numbers.
RAND
Returns a random number that is greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1.
RANDBETWEEN
Returns a random integer within the specified range.
ROMAN
Converts a number to Roman numerals.
ROUND
Returns a number rounded to the specified number of places.
ROUNDDOWN
Returns a number rounded toward zero (rounded down) to the specified number of places.
ROUNDUP
https://vo-software.mystrikingly.com/blog/casino-extreme-no-deposit-bonus-codes-2016. Returns a number rounded away from zero (rounded up) to the specified number of places.
SERIESSUM
Computes and returns the sum of a power series.
SIGN
Returns 1 when a given number is positive, –1 when it is negative, and 0 when it is zero.
SQRT
Returns the square root of a number.
SQRTPI
Returns the square root of a number multiplied by π (pi).
SUM
Numbers Apple Manual
Returns the sum of a collection of numbers.
SUMIF
Returns the sum of a collection of numbers, including only numbers that satisfy a specified condition.
SUMIFS
Returns the sum of the cells in a collection where the test values meet the given conditions.
SUMPRODUCT
Returns the sum of the products of corresponding numbers in one or more ranges.
SUMSQ
Returns the sum of the squares of a collection of numbers.
SUMX2MY2
Returns the sum of the difference of the squares of corresponding values in two collections.
SUMX2PY2
Returns the sum of the squares of corresponding values in two collections.
SUMXMY2
Returns the sum of the squares of the differences between corresponding values in two collections.
TRUNC
Truncates a number to the specified number of digits.
ADDRESS
Constructs a cell address string from separate row, column, and table identifiers.
AREAS
Returns the number of ranges the function references.
CHOOSE
Returns a value from a collection of values based on a specified index value.
COLUMN
Returns the column number of the column containing a specified cell.
COLUMNS
Returns the number of columns included in a specified range of cells.
HLOOKUP
Returns a value from a range of rows by using the top row of values to pick a column and a row number to pick a row within that column.
INDEX
Returns the value in the cell located at the intersection of the specified row and column within a range of cells.
INDIRECT
Returns the contents of a cell or range referenced by an address specified as a string.
INTERSECT.RANGES
Returns a range that is the intersection of the specified ranges.
LOOKUP
Finds a match for a given search value in one range, then returns the value in the cell with the same relative position in a second range.
MATCH
Returns the position of a value within a range.
OFFSET
Returns a range of cells that is the specified number of rows and columns away from the specified base cell.
ROW
Returns the row number of the row containing a specified cell. Xbox one remote app.
ROWS
Returns the number of rows included in a specified range of cells.
TRANSPOSE
Returns a vertical range of cells as a horizontal range of cells, or vice versa.
UNION.RANGES
Returns a range that represents a range representing the union of the specified ranges.
VLOOKUP
Returns a value from a range of columns by using the left column of values to pick a row and a column number to pick a column in that row.
AVEDEV
Returns the average of the difference of a collection of numbers from their average (arithmetic mean).
AVERAGE
Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of a collection of numbers.
AVERAGEA
Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of a collection of values, including text and Boolean values.
AVERAGEIF
Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of the cells in a range that meet a given condition.
AVERAGEIFS
Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of the cells in a collection that meet all the given conditions.
BETADIST
Returns the cumulative beta distribution probability value.
BETAINV
Returns the inverse of the given cumulative beta distribution probability value.
BINOMDIST
Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability of the specified form.
CHIDIST
Returns the one‑tailed probability of the chi‑square distribution.
CHIINV
Returns the inverse of the one‑tailed probability of the chi‑square distribution.
CHITEST
Returns the value from the chi‑square distribution for the given data.
CONFIDENCE
Returns a value for creating a statistical confidence interval for a sample from a population with a known standard deviation.
CORREL
Returns the correlation between two collections using linear regression analysis.
COUNT
Returns the number of its arguments that contain numbers, numeric expressions, or dates.
COUNTA
Returns the number of its arguments that are not empty.
COUNTBLANK
Returns the number of cells in a range that are empty.
COUNTIF
Returns the number of cells in a range that satisfy a given condition.
COUNTIFS
Returns the number of cells in one or more ranges that satisfy given conditions (one condition per range).
COVAR
Returns the covariance of two collections.
CRITBINOM
Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is greater than or equal to a given value.
DEVSQ
Returns the sum of the squares of deviations of a collection of numbers from their average (arithmetic mean).
EXPONDIST
Returns the exponential distribution of the specified form.
FDIST
Returns the F probability distribution.
FINV
Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution.
FORECAST
Returns the forecasted y value for a given x value based on sample values using linear regression analysis.
FREQUENCY
Returns an array of how often data values occur within a range of interval values.
GAMMADIST
Returns the gamma distribution in the specified form.
GAMMAINV
Returns the inverse gamma cumulative distribution.
GAMMALN
Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function, G(x).
GEOMEAN
Returns the geometric mean.
HARMEAN
Returns the harmonic mean.
INTERCEPT
Returns the y‑intercept of the best‑fit line for the collection using linear regression analysis.
LARGE
Returns the nth‑largest value within a collection. The largest value is ranked number 1.
LINEST
Returns an array of the statistics for a straight line that best fits the given data using the least squares method.
LOGINV
Returns the inverse of the log‑normal cumulative distribution function of x.
LOGNORMDIST
Returns the log‑normal distribution.
MAX
Returns the largest number in a collection.
MAXA
Returns the largest number in a collection of values that may include text and Boolean values.
MEDIAN
Returns the median value in a collection of numbers. The median is the value where half the numbers in the collection are less than the median and half are greater.
MIN
Returns the smallest number in a collection.
MINA
Returns the smallest number in a collection of values that may include text and Boolean values.
MODE
Returns the most frequently occurring value in a collection of numbers.
NEGBINOMDIST
Returns the negative binomial distribution.
NORMDIST
Returns the normal distribution of the specified function form.
NORMINV
Returns the inverse of the cumulative normal distribution.
NORMSDIST
Returns the standard normal distribution.
NORMSINV
Returns the inverse of the cumulative standard normal distribution.
PERCENTILE
Returns the value within a collection that corresponds to a particular percentile.
PERCENTRANK
Returns the rank of a value in a collection as a percentage of the collection.
PERMUT
Returns the number of permutations for a given number of objects that can be selected from a total number of objects.
POISSON
Returns the probability that a specific number of events will occur using the Poisson distribution.
PROB
Returns the probability of a range of values if you know the probabilities of the individual values.
QUARTILE
Returns the value for the specified quartile of a given collection.
RANK
Returns the rank of a number within a range of numbers.
SLOPE
Returns the slope of the best‑fit line for the collection using linear regression analysis.
SMALL
Returns the nth‑smallest value within a range. The smallest value is ranked number 1.
STANDARDIZE
Returns a normalized value from a distribution characterized by a given mean and standard deviation.
STDEV
Returns the standard deviation, a measure of dispersion, of a collection of values based on their sample (unbiased) variance.
STDEVA
Returns the standard deviation, a measure of dispersion, of a collection of values that may include text and Boolean values, based on the sample (unbiased) variance.
STDEVP
Returns the standard deviation, a measure of dispersion, of a collection of values based on their population (true) variance.
STDEVPA
Returns the standard deviation, a measure of dispersion, of a collection of values that may include text and Boolean values, based on the population (true) variance.
TDIST
Returns the probability from the Student’s t‑distribution.
TINV
Returns the t value (a function of the probability and degrees of freedom) from the Student’s t‑distribution.
TTEST
Returns the probability associated with a Student’s t‑test, based on the t‑distribution function.
VAR
Returns the sample (unbiased) variance, a measure of dispersion, of a collection of values.
VARA
Returns the sample (unbiased) variance, a measure of dispersion, of a collection of values, including text and Boolean values.
VARP
Returns the population (true) variance, a measure of dispersion, of a collection of values.
VARPA
Returns the sample (unbiased) variance, a measure of dispersion, of a collection of values, including text and Boolean values.
WEIBULL
Returns the values of the Weibull distribution.
ZTEST
Returns the one‑tailed probability value of the Z‑test.
CHAR
Apple One On One Support
Returns the character that corresponds to a decimal Unicode character code.
CLEAN
Removes most common nonprinting characters (Unicode character codes 0–31) from text.
CODE
Returns the decimal Unicode number of the first character in a specified string.
CONCATENATE
Joins (concatenates) strings.
DOLLAR
Returns a string formatted as a dollar amount from a given number.
EXACT
Returns TRUE if the argument strings are identical in case and content.
FIND
Returns the starting position of one string within another.
FIXED
Rounds a number to the specified number of decimal places and then returns the result as a string value.
LEFT
Returns a string consisting of the specified number of characters from the left end of a given string.
LEN
Returns the number of characters in a string.
LOWER
Returns a string that is entirely lowercase, regardless of the case of the characters in the specified string.
MID
Returns a string consisting of the given number of characters from a string starting at the specified position.
PROPER
Returns a string where the first letter of each word is uppercase and all remaining characters are lowercase, regardless of the case of the characters in the specified string.
REPLACE
Returns a string where a specified number of characters of a given string have been replaced with a new string.
REPT
Returns a string that contains a given string repeated a specified number of times.
RIGHT
Numbers Apple Formulas
Returns a string consisting of the given number of characters from the right end of a specified string.
SEARCH
Returns the starting position of one string within another, ignoring case and allowing wildcards.
SUBSTITUTE
Returns a string where the specified characters of a given string have been replaced with a new string.
T
Returns the text contained in a cell. This function is included for compatibility with tables imported from other spreadsheet applications.
TRIM
Returns a string based on a given string, after removing extra spaces.
UPPER
Returns a string that is entirely uppercase, regardless of the case of the characters in the specified string.
VALUE
Returns a number value even if the argument is formatted as text.
ACOS
Returns the inverse cosine (arccosine) of a number.
ACOSH
Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine (hyperbolic arccosine) of a number.
ASIN
Returns the arcsine (the inverse sine) of a number.
ASINH
Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number.
ATAN
Returns the inverse tangent (arctangent) of a number.
ATAN2
Returns the angle, relative to the positive x‑axis, of the line passing through the origin and the specified point.
ATANH
Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number.
COS
Returns the cosine of an angle that is expressed in radians.
COSH
Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number.
DEGREES
Returns the number of degrees in an angle expressed in radians.
RADIANS
Returns the number of radians in an angle expressed in degrees.
SIN
Returns the sine of an angle that is expressed in radians.
SINH
Returns the hyperbolic sine of the specified number.
TAN
Returns the tangent of an angle that is expressed in radians.
TANH
Returns the hyperbolic tangent of the specified number.
Developer(s) | Apple Inc. |
---|---|
Stable release | |
Operating system | macOS |
Type | Spreadsheet |
License | Proprietary |
Website | www.apple.com/mac/numbers |
Developer(s) | Apple Inc. |
---|---|
Stable release | 10.2 / September 22, 2020; 32 days ago[2] |
Operating system | iOS |
Available in | 31 languages |
English, Catalan, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hindi, Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Malay, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Simplified Chinese, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, Thai, Traditional Chinese, Turkish, Ukrainian, Vietnamese | |
Type | Spreadsheet |
License | Proprietary |
Website | www.apple.com/ios/numbers |
Numbers is a spreadsheet application developed by Apple Inc. as part of the iWork productivity suite alongside Keynote and Pages.[3] Numbers is available for iOS, and macOSHigh Sierra or newer.[4] Numbers 1.0 on OS X was announced on 7 August 2007, making it the newest application in the iWork suite. The iPad version was released on 27 January 2010.[5] The app was later updated to support iPhone and iPod Touch.
Numbers uses a free-form 'canvas' approach that demotes tables to one of many different media types placed on a page. Other media, like charts, graphics and text, are treated as peers. In comparison, traditional spreadsheets like Microsoft Excel use the table as the primary container, with other media placed within the table. Numbers also includes features from the seminal Lotus Improv, notably the use of formulas based on ranges rather than cells. However, it implements these using traditional spreadsheet concepts, as opposed to Improv's use of multidimensional databases.
Numbers also includes numerous stylistic improvements in an effort to improve the visual appearance of spreadsheets. At its introductory demonstration, Steve Jobs pitched a more usable interface and better control over the appearance and presentation of tables of data.
Description[edit]
Basic model[edit]
Numbers works in a fashion somewhat different from traditional spreadsheets like Microsoft Excel or Lotus 1-2-3. In the traditional model, the table is the first-class citizen of the system, acting as both the primary interface for work, as well as the container for other types of media like charts or digital images. In effect, the spreadsheet and the table are one and the same. In contrast, Numbers uses a separate 'canvas' as its basic container object, and tables are among the many objects that can be placed within the canvas.[6][N 1]
This difference is not simply a case of syntax. In order to provide a large workspace, conventional spreadsheets extend a table in X and Y to form a very large grid—ideally infinite, but normally limited to some smaller dimension.[N 2] Some of these cells, selected by the user, hold data. Data is manipulated using formulas, which are placed in other cells in the same sheet and output their results back into the formula cell's display. The rest of the sheet is 'sparse', currently unused.[8]
Sheets often grow very complex with input data, intermediate values from formulas and output areas, separated by blank areas. In order to manage this complexity, Excel allows one to hide data that is not of interest,[9] often intermediate values. Quattro Pro commonly introduced the idea of multiple sheets in a single book, allowing further subdivision of the data; Excel implements this as a set of tabs along the bottom of the workbook.
In contrast, Numbers does not have an underlying spreadsheet in the traditional sense, but uses multiple individual tables for this purpose.[6] Tables are an X and Y collection of cells, like a sheet, but extend only to the limits of the data they hold. Each section of data, or output from formulas, can be combined into an existing table, or placed into a new table. Tables can be collected by the user onto single or multiple canvases. Whereas a typical Excel sheet has data strewn across it, a Numbers canvas could build the same output through smaller individual tables encompassing the same data.[10]
Formulas and functions[edit]
Consider a simple spreadsheet being used to calculate the average value of all car sales in a month for a given year. The sheet might contain the month number or name in column A, the number of cars sold in column B, and the total income in column C. The user wishes to complete the task of 'calculate the average income per car sold by dividing the total income by the number of cars sold, and put the resulting average in column D'. From the user's perspective, the values in the cells have semantic content, they are 'cars sold' and 'total income', and they want to manipulate this to produce an output value, 'average price'.
In traditional spreadsheets, the semantic value of the numbers is lost. The number in cell B2 is not 'the number of cars sold in the month of January', but simply 'the value in cell B2'. The formula for calculating the average is based on the manipulation of the cells, in the form =C2/B2
. As the spreadsheet is unaware of the user's desire for D to be an output column, the user copies that formula into all of the cells in D. However, as the formula refers to data on different rows, it must be modified as it is copied into the cells in D, changing it to refer to the correct row. For instance, the formula in D4 would read =C4/B4
. Excel automates this later task by using a relative referencing system that works as long as the cells retain their location relative to the formula. However, this system requires Excel to track any changes to the layout of the sheet and adjust the formulas, a process that is far from foolproof.[11]
During the development of Improv, the Lotus team discovered that these sorts of formulas were both difficult to use, and resistant to future changes in the spreadsheet layout.[12] Their solution was to make the user explicitly define the semantic content of the sheets—that the B column contained 'cars sold'. These data ranges were known as 'categories'. Formulas were written by referring to these categories by name, creating a new category that could be (if desired) placed in the sheet for display. Using the car example, the formula in Improv would be average per car = total income / cars sold
. Changes to the layout of the sheet would not affect the formulas; the data remains defined no matter where it is moved. It also meant that formulas calculating intermediate values did not have to be placed in the sheet and normally did not take up room. The downside to Improv's approach is that it demanded more information from the user up-front, and was considered less suitable for 'quick and dirty' calculations or basic list building.[13]
Numbers uses a hybrid approach to the creation of formulas, supporting the use of named data like Improv, but implementing them in-sheet like Excel. In basic operation, Numbers can be used just like Excel; data can be typed anywhere and formulas can be created by referring to the data by its cell. However, if the user types a header into the table, something one normally does as a matter of course, Numbers uses this to automatically construct a named range for the cells on that row or column. For instance, if the user types 'month' into A1, and then types the names 'January', 'February', etc. into the cells below it, Numbers constructs a named range for the cells A2 through A13 and gives it the name 'month'. The same is true when the user types in the figures for 'sales' and 'income'. The user can then write the averaging formula in a category-like text format, = total income / cars sold
. The formula will find the appropriate data and calculate the results independent of the row.[14] Like Improv, this formula does not refer to the physical location of the data in the sheet, so the sheet can be dramatically modified without causing the formula to fail.[14]
Similar to Improv, formulas can be represented as icons in Numbers, allowing them to be dragged about the sheets. One noteworthy example of this is a sidebar which contains the sum, average and other basic calculations for the current selection in the active table. These serve a function similar to the sum that appears at the bottom of the window in Excel. However, the user can drag one of the function icons from the sidebar into the sheet to make the calculation appear in that location.[14] In another nod to Improv, the Formula List shows all of the formulas in the spreadsheet in a separate area, and allows edits in place or easy navigation to their use in the sheets.
Numbers '09 contains 262 built-in functions that can be used in formulas.[15] This contrasts with Excel 2007's 338 functions.[16] Many of the functions in Numbers are identical to those in Excel; missing ones tend to be related to statistics, although this area was greatly improved in Numbers '09.[17]
Numbers '09 includes a system for categorizing data similar to pivot tables. Pivots were introduced in Improv and were manipulated by dragging the category headers,[17] allowing the user to quickly rotate rows into columns or vice versa. Although Numbers has similar draggable objects representing formulas, they are not used for this feature and the direct manipulation is missing. Instead, Numbers places pop-up menus in the column headers allowing the user to collapse multiple rows into totals (sums, averages, etc.) based on data that is common across rows. This is similar functionality to a pivot table, but lacks the ease of re-arrangement of the Improv model and other advanced features. Numbers 5.2, released on September 17, 2018,[18] further improves on these features by adding Smart Categories, allowing the user to 'quickly organize and summarize tables to gain new insights'.[19]
Layout and display[edit]
As Numbers uses the canvas as the basis for the document, media is not tied to the tables; one could build a Numbers canvas with a collection of photographs and no tables. In typical use, one or more tables are placed on the canvas and sized and styled to show only the data of interest. Charts and labels are commonly positioned around the tables. Other media, like photographs or illustrations, can be added as well.[20] Numbers' display-centric model has been referred to as a 'page layout and presentation app disguised as a spreadsheet app'.[21]
Like other products in the iWork suite, Numbers includes a variety of styles and layouts designed by professional illustrators. Opening an Excel sheet in Numbers results in a display with smooth fonts, and clean layout and color selections. These can then be modified, optionally using one of the supplied templates, and saved out to Excel format again with these styles intact. Numbers also allows sheets to be emailed in Excel format in a single step, or shared through Numbers for iCloud.
Reception[edit]
Numbers has been well received in the press, notably for its text-based formulas, clean looks and ease of use.[22][23][24]Macworld has given it high marks, especially newer versions, awarding Numbers '09 four mice out of five. They did point out a number of common issues, especially problems exporting to Excel and the inability to 'lock' cells to prevent them moving when the table is scrolled.[17] Numbers for the iPhone and iPad have received similar favorable reviews.[25]
However, version 3.0 of Numbers created an outpouring of complaints due to the loss of important business features,[26][27] with the Apple support community showing a 10 to 1 ratio of dissatisfied users with the newer version of Numbers. Versions 4 and 5 of the software put many of these features back as well as adding many new features and functionalities.[28] In their review of Version 5, MacWorld concluded that 'Numbers 5 for Mac advances the app, making it more useful for more purposes with less effort, but it’s still a shadow of full-feature business spreadsheet programs.'[29]
Other notable features[edit]
- Highly table-centric workflow, where lists are easy to structure with headers and summaries.
- Checkbox, slider, and pulldown list cells.
- Drag and drop of functions from a sidebar into cells.
- A Print Preview that allows all editing functions while previewing, as well as realtime scaling and moving of tables to arrange them freely on the page(s).
- Exports to Microsoft Excel, but lacks certain Excel features, including Visual Basic for Applications (absent in the 2008 version of Office for Mac, although it was reintroduced for the 2011 version) and pivot tables.
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^For reasons that are not mentioned in the documentation, canvases are referred to as 'sheets' within the program.
- ^Numbers can handle up to 1,000,000 rows by 1,000 columns per table[7], versus the latest versions of Excel from Office 2010 onwards having a maximum of 1,048,576 rows by 16,384 columns. Excel has changed its maximum size many times, originally 16,384 rows by 128 columns, while other programs of the same era often compared themselves by increasing this, e.g. WingZ was 32,768 by 32,768 for instance.
References[edit]
- ^'Numbers'. Mac App Store. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
- ^'Numbers'. App Store. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
- ^'Apple - iWork - Numbers - Create perfect spreadsheets in minutes'. Apple Inc. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
- ^'Pages 7.2, Numbers 5.2, and Keynote 8.2'. Tidbits. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
- ^'Apple - iPad - Innovative spreadsheets in just a few taps'. Apple Inc. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
- ^ ab'Numbers, uncrunched.', Apple Inc.
- ^'About working with large data sets in Numbers'
- ^Josef Stoer and Roland Bulirsch, 'Introduction to Numerical Analysis (3rd ed.)', Springer-Verlag, 2002, p. 610
- ^David Ringstrom, 'Tricks for hiding and unhiding Excel rows and columns', accounting web, April 17, 2009
- ^Hugo Jobling, 'Apple iWork '09', Trusted Reviews, February 19, 2009, p. 3
- ^Paul McFedries, 'Copying and Moving Formulas', Building Basic Formulas in Excel, August 27, 2004
- ^Simson Garfinkel, 'Improv: The Inside Story', NEXTWORLD, Fall 1991, p. 34
- ^Joel Spolsky, 'The best software writing', Apress, 2005, p. 25
- ^ abc'Formulas for everyone', Apple Inc.
- ^'250+ Functions', Apple Inc.
- ^'Excel functions (alphabetical list)'Archived August 30, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Microsoft
- ^ abcRob Griffiths, 'Review: Numbers ’09', Macworld.com, January 27, 2009
- ^'What's new in Numbers for Mac'. Apple Support. Retrieved October 9, 2018.
- ^https://support.apple.com/en-ca/HT209054
- ^'Intelligent tables', Apple Inc.
- ^'iWork ’08 Review: NUMBERS—Spreadsheet Layout App', Two A Day, August 23, 2007
- ^Phil Windley, 'A First Look at Apple's Numbers spreadsheet', ZDNet, August 9, 2007
- ^Rob Griffiths, 'Apple Numbers '08 spreadsheet software', PC Advisor, August 21, 2007
- ^Tiffany Maleshefski, 'Apple iWork 08 Provides Simple But Solid Spreadsheet App', eWeek, August 17, 2007
- ^Jason Parker, 'Numbers for iPhone', cnet, May 31, 2011
- ^'What has been gained in Numbers 3.0'. Apple support community. October 31, 2013.
- ^'What has been lost in Numbers 3.0'. Apple support community. October 31, 2013.
- ^'What's new in Numbers for Mac'. Apple Support Pages. May 4, 2018.
- ^Fleishman, Glenn (April 11, 2018). 'Numbers 5 for Mac review: Inching closer to being a more full-featured spreadsheet app'. MacWorld.
External links[edit]
- Numbers—official site
- Numbers—Free resources at iWork Community